![]() He was sent into retirement at the age of 46 to make way for Ernst Telschow, who enjoyed the confidence of the Nazi Party. Secretary General Friedrich Glum was also replaced. He succeeded Max Planck, who had not put himself up for re-election, partly on the grounds of age. Bosch was a Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry and Chairman of the Board of IG Farben, the company which had bankrolled the Nazi Party since 1932. The Senate elected Carl Bosch the new President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in 1937. Even though this had not been formulated as a key element in the Society’s original mission, many other institutes dedicated to the human sciences were to follow. As a result, the human sciences had a place within the KWS right from the start. It was there that the KWS set up a research institute dedicated to the study of the history of art under the name Bibliotheca Hertziana. They formed the core of the new research campus at Dahlem, which went on to grow rapidly: the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Experimental Therapy was opened as early as 1913, followed by the Institute for Biology in 1915.īut the KWS was also active beyond the capital: In 1912, Jewish art collector Henriette Hertz bequeathed the KWS the Palazzo Zuccari in Rome, along with a significant library of books on the history of art and a substantial sum in the form of endowment capital. The Institute for Chemistry with Director Ernst Beckmann and the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry with Director Fritz Haber were both inaugurated in Berlin. The first of the KWS’s institutes were able to move into their own purpose-built accommodation in October 1912. In the interests of implementing these structures, Harnack proposed the foundation of a brand new type of research association for the advancement of science: The Kaiser Wilhelm Society. Harnack’s memorandum paved the way for structures that still characterize the German science system to this day and facilitated specialized research and Big Science as we know them today. Advances were also being made in the fields of biology and medicine, he wrote. ![]() He proposed that they should conduct specialized basic research, predominantly in the natural sciences, and explained that the rapid pace of industrialization since the mid-19th century had demonstrated that many new technical problems could only be solved with greater knowledge of chemical or physical principles. It centred on Harnack’s call for Germany to establish independent research institutes to co-exist alongside the universities. His memorandum outlined a comprehensive reform of the science system. As a close adviser to the Kaiser, a member of the Academy of Sciences and director of the renowned Royal Library, Harnack was one of the most innovative and influential science managers of his time. ![]() In 1909, Berlin theology professor Adolf Harnack issued an appeal to Kaiser Wilhelm II.
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